What's true for doctors applies equally to consumer electronics manufacturers: First, do no harm. Canon is usually pretty good at adhering to that philosophy, making only minor changes to successful products and saving the daring moves for the models that need it. Now, changing sensors isn't normally considered terribly daring when it comes to digital cameras. But when its predecessor -- in this case, the EOS 350D -- was renowned for producing excellent, low-noise photos at a more-than-adequate 8-megapixel resolution, it's risky to replace it with a higher-resolution but potentially lower-sensitivity chip as Canon did with the EOS 400D. Perhaps the Nikon D80 upped the stakes; perhaps Canon felt it was an inevitable necessity. Whatever the reason, it yields mixed results.
Design
Sticking with similar sensor dimensions allowed Canon to keep the same moderately compact design for the EOS 400D, though it weighs 113g more than its 485g predecessor. With the small, exceptionally light kit lens, the camera felt well balanced in our hands. Attached to the substantially larger and heavier 16mm-to-35mm (25.6mm-to-56mm equivalent) lens or the Speedlite 580EX flash, however, makes the 400D feel a bit lopsided.
On the 400D, hitting the Set button while shooting brings up the new Picture Style selections.
Although much of the design remains the same as the 350D's -- it comes in either black or metallic-silver plastic -- there are a couple of key changes. The LCD display grew from 1.8 to 2.5 inches, which essentially squeezed the status/info LCD into the ether. On one hand, using the main LCD allows for an exceptionally readable, in-your-face method of monitoring the settings. However, the paper-white background gets distracting, and the automatic sensor -- which blanks it when you put your eye to the viewfinder -- makes it even more so. You can turn it off altogether, but the info in the viewfinder doesn't include ISO speed, white balance, battery level, and other useful settings that generally display on a status LCD.
In most other respects, the control layout on the 400D mimics that of the 350D, which is pretty much how it's been on Canon dSLRs since the beginning. That's an unfoolish consistency we can get behind. It can also accept all the same accessories as the 350D does.
Features
For better -- or sometimes worse -- the feature set of the Canon EOS 400D remains roughly the same as the 350D's. The kit version comes with the F3.5-to-F5.6, 18mm-to-55mm EF-S lens (28.8mm-to-88mm equivalent, thanks to the 400D's 1.6x conversion factor), which is a trifle too slow for frequent indoor shooters.
Most amateurs will find all the essentials: a handful of manual, semimanual, and automatic exposure modes; user-selectable nine-point autofocus, and AI Servo autofocus for moving subjects; and simultaneous RAW-plus-JPEG capture. To keep up with the camera Joneses, the CMOS chip in the 400D is now self-cleaning. Similar to many other dSLRs, the low-pass filter layer vibrates when the camera powers off or on in order to shake dust away from the sensor; plus, there's an antistatic coating on the filter that repels dust. Furthermore, a bit of adhesive surrounding the sensor is designed to grab the dust, keeping it from flying around inside the camera chassis. In addition to dust control, Canon has split the low-pass filter into two parts, effectively placing whatever dust does settle beyond the range of focus.
Simply metering on the subject's face should have solved this shot's exposure problem, but the partial metering didn't work (left). A spot meter probably would have been able to handle it. Instead, I had to boost the exposure value of the entire scene by jumping to ISO 400 (right).
Unfortunately, like the EOS 350D, the 400D lacks a spot meter; it supplies only evaluative, center-weighted average, and partial center-weighted metering. There is simply no substitute for a spot in tricky lighting situations. In fact, we couldn't avoid severe underexposures of a backlit subject with the available metering tools, which is inexcusable for a camera of this class.
Performance
Though the CMOS imager used by the 400D is the same physical size as the version in the 350D, Canon crammed more pixels into the space to bump up the resolution and improved the design of the microlenses that sit atop each photosite -- the microlenses gather indirect light and focus it back on the sensor -- as well as increases the size of the photosites themselves. In practice, Canon has had to lower the top ISO speed of the EOS a full stop, from ISO 3,200 to ISO 1,600. Furthermore, while still relatively low for its class, the 400D's measured and visible image noise was significantly worse than that of the CCD-based Nikon D80 for any given ISO speed.
In general, the 400D's measured speed fell short of the D80's as well. Our experience bears that out: though it felt as if it were fast and responsive, we frequently found the shot was captured just a fraction of a second too late. Keep in mind that it takes a while to adjust to the pace of a camera and get a feel for its shooting rhythm -- and we've been shooting with faster pro models such as the Canon 30D and Olympus E-1 -- and it's fast enough so that, in time, the number of missed shots would have dropped.
Continuous-shooting performance has been tweaked a bit. Though the speed remains the same as in the 350D, Canon rates the 400D to shoot as many as 27 frames of JPEG or 10 frames of RAW before the camera hits a bottleneck and slows. It fared slightly better in our testing, though the 7-second lag before you can continue shooting can be a bit frustrating. The 400D uses Canon's Digic II chipset rather than the newer Digic III, and we wonder if the company might have been able to eke out better performance and noise suppression with the latter.
(Shorter bars indicate better performance)
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Raw shot-to-shot time |
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Time to first shot |
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Shutter lag (dim light) |
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Shutter lag (typical) |
(Longer bars indicate better performance)
We did most of our testing with the kit lens, which bumps up the asking price to AU$1,499. We love how small and lightweight it is but still find it too slow -- the maximum aperture of F3.5 simply doesn't let in enough light and doesn't allow for a shallow enough depth of field for our purposes. Furthermore, there's far more chromatic aberration -- in this case, purple fringing -- than we're used to seeing in a dSLR. Even catchlights in eyes from the add-on flash had fringing. If you have the dough, we'd recommend the EF-S 17mm-to-55mm F2.8 IS USM instead. We didn't get a chance to try it with the 400D, but it should be lightweight enough to not overpower the body and fast enough to provide more exposure latitude. Plus, it has the advantage of optical image stabilisation and a quieter motor.
Though many of our shots weren't quite as sharply focused as we expected from the 400D's AF system, a few, such as this one, stood up well to 11 x 16-inch printing on an Epson Stylus Photo R2400.
Image Quality
Despite our few complaints, the Canon EOS 400D still shoots some very nice photos, with good colour rendition, broad dynamic range (when there's sufficient illumination), and accurate automatic white balance. Shots taken at ISO 100 and ISO 200 were very clean, but beyond that, the photos couldn't take much retouching without drawing attention to the noise.
Canon is not planning to do away with the EOS 350D, and the presence of a new model doesn't make that great model obsolete. If you don't change lenses that often, don't mind the smaller LCD, don't need the slight bump in continuous-shooting speed, and don't need the higher resolution, then you don't really need to pay extra for the Canon EOS 400D. Furthermore, if you don't yet have an investment in any particular manufacturer's lens system and want this year's best model for less than AU$2,000, you might consider the Nikon D80.
-- Lori Grunin
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